"Description: Piperazine is an anthelmintic with activity against nematodes. It induces a reversible flaccid paralysis in the nematode parasites. This is provoked by hyperpolarisation of the cell membrane followed by suppression of spontaneous spike potentials. The paralysed nematodes are subsequently expelled from the gut lumen by normal peristaltic actions. Indications: Nematode infections in horses, swine, cattle and poultry. Horses: Strongylus, Oxyuris, Trichonema and Ascaris. Swine: Oesophagostomum and Ascaris. Cattle: Ascaris, Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum. Poultry: Ascaris and Capillaria. Contra-indications: Hypersensitivity to piperazine. Administration to animals with a seriously impaired hepatic and/or renal function. Side effects: Overdoses can cause colic, coughing, excessive salivation, excitation, hyperpnoea, lachrymation, spasms, sweating and vomiting."